Implementing LwM2M objects on RaspberryPi#

Introduction#

Svetovid is a LwM2M client that gives you tools to implement selected LwM2M objects for RaspberryPi-based IoT devices. The Python programming language is used to implement LwM2M objects. Svetovid is based on a state-of-the-art LwM2M client Anjay developed by AVSystem. It features the FSDM (File System Data Model) in which LwM2M objects are mapped to folders that follow a particular schema, and executables behave as expected by the LwM2M client that loads and manages them.

This tutorial will show you how to implement a temperature LwM2M object on your device and a push button using Svetovid. This will enable live readings of their resources (temperature, push button state and counter) in Coiote DM.

Prerequisites#

Raspberry Pi 3 or 4 with a configured operating system and a set-up WiFi connection.
A Sense HAT or a GrovePi with a temperature sensor (DHT11 or similar) and a push button (Grove-button or similar).
An active Coiote IoT Device Management user account with Cloud admin permissions.

Step 1: Prepare your Sense HAT/GrovePi#

Sense HAT#

Install the Sense HAT packages: sudo apt-get install sense-hat
Check if Sense HAT is working correctly:

Create a hello_world.py file:

from sense_hat import SenseHat
sense = SenseHat()
sense.show_message("Hello World!")

Run the program: python hello_world.py

If a Hello World! message is displayed, you're good to proceed.

Note

If you're new to Sense HAT, follow the getting started tutorial.

GrovePi#

To install the GrovePi repository, paste and execute the following commands:

    mkdir ~/Dexter
    cd /home/pi/Dexter
    git clone https://github.com/DexterInd/GrovePi
    cd /home/pi/Dexter/GrovePi/Script
    bash ./update_grovepi.sh

2. Check if the GrovePi libraries are working correctly:

Connect a LED module to GrovePi port D4.
In the terminal, type: cd /home/pi/Dexter/GrovePi/Software/Python python grove_led_blink.py
The LED should start blinking.

Step 2: Install Svetovid#

To install Svetovid, paste and execute the following commands into your command-line terminal:

mkdir ~/AVSystem cd /home/pi/AVSystem git clone https://github.com/AVSystem/Svetovid-raspberry-client.git cd /home/pi/AVsystem/Svetovid-raspberry-client sudo dpkg -i svetovid_20.11-raspberry_armhf.deb sudo dpkg -i svetovid-plugin-fsdm_20.11-raspberry_armhf.deb sudo dpkg -i avsystem_svetovid-20.11-raspberry-Linux-fsdmtool-runtime-python.deb
In file /usr/local/share/svetovid/bin/fsdm/lwm2m_object_registry.py, find the https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OpenMobileAlliance/lwm2m-registry/test entry and replace it with https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OpenMobileAlliance/lwm2m-registry/prod.

Step 3: Register your device in Coiote DM#

Disable the Svetovid service:

sudo systemctl disable svetovid.service --now

Set the server connection details:

in /etc/svetovid/config/security.json:

    {
        "1":
        {
            "ssid": "1",
            "server_uri": "coaps://lwm2m-test.avsystem.io:5684",
            "is_bootstrap": "0",
            "security_mode": "psk",
            "pubkey_or_identity_hex": "XXXX",
            "privkey_or_psk_hex": "XXXX",
            "server_pubkey_hex": "",
            "holdoff_s": "0",
            "bs_timeout_s": "0"
        }
    }

in /etc/svetovid/config/svd.json:

    {
        "device": {
            "endpoint_name": "YYYY",
            "udp_listen_port": 1234
        },
        "logging": {
            "default_log_level": "trace",
            "log_level": {
                "svd": "trace"
            }
        },
        "lwm2m_version_config": {
            "min": "1.0",
            "max": "1.1"
        },
        "in_buffer_size_b": 1024,
        "out_buffer_size_b": 1024,
        "msg_cache_size_b": 65536
    }

Note

XXXX and YYYY should be replaced by the chosen values of endpoint name, PSK identity and PSK key.

Tip

XXXX values are in hex. To convert your plain text, use the following:

echo -n 'text-value' | xxd -p

Restart the Svetovid service:

sudo systemctl start svetovid.service --now
Create a device instance in Coiote DM:
- When logged into your Coiote DM user account, go to Device Inventory and click Add device.
- Provide Device ID, Key Identity and Key values as in the Svetovid config files from the earlier step.
- Wait for the connection.
Analyze the objects exposed by the device.

Note

Your RaspberryPi-based device will feature a number of default LwM2M objects provided by Svetovid, for instance the temperature object - 3303.

Step 4: Implement the LwM2M temperature object `3303` (only for GrovePi)#

Disable the Svetovid service:

sudo systemctl disable svetovid.service --now
Generate a stub object in your dm (data model) Svetovid folder by pasting and executing the following command in the terminal: $ sudo svetovid-fsdmtool generate --object 3303 --output-dir /etc/svetovid/dm --generator python

Tip

You can analyze the resource implementation in the /etc/svetovid/dm/3303 folder. For more details, see the Svetovid page on GitHub.

Modify the python script in the /etc/svetovid/dm/3303/Sensor_Value.py file. Open the file, replace the contents with the following script and click Save:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

from fsdm import ResourceHandler, CoapError, DataType, KvStore

import grovepi
import math
# Connect the Grove Temperature & Humidity Sensor Pro to digital port D4
# This example uses the blue colored sensor.
# SIG,NC,VCC,GND
sensor = 4  # The Sensor goes on digital port 4.

# temp_humidity_sensor_type
# Grove Base Kit comes with the blue sensor.
blue = 0    # The Blue colored sensor.
white = 1   # The White colored sensor.

class ResourceHandler_3303_5700(ResourceHandler):
    NAME = "Sensor Value"
    DESCRIPTION = '''\
Last or Current Measured Value from the Sensor.'''
    DATATYPE = DataType.FLOAT
    EXTERNAL_NOTIFY = False

    def read(self,
             instance_id,            # int
             resource_instance_id):  # int for multiple resources, None otherwise
        # TODO: print value to stdout
        # print(0.0)
        [temp,humidity] = grovepi.dht(sensor,blue)  
        print("%.02f"%(temp))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ResourceHandler_3303_5700().main()

Modify the python script in the /etc/svetovid/dm/3303/resources/5700.py file. Open the file, replace the contents with the following script and click Save:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

from fsdm import ResourceHandler, CoapError, DataType, KvStore

import grovepi
import math
# Connect the Grove Temperature & Humidity Sensor Pro to digital port D4
# This example uses the blue colored sensor.
# SIG,NC,VCC,GND
sensor = 4  # The Sensor goes on digital port 4.

# temp_humidity_sensor_type
# Grove Base Kit comes with the blue sensor.
blue = 0    # The Blue colored sensor.
white = 1   # The White colored sensor.

class ResourceHandler_3303_5700(ResourceHandler):
    NAME = "Sensor Value"
    DESCRIPTION = '''\
Last or Current Measured Value from the Sensor.'''
    DATATYPE = DataType.FLOAT
    EXTERNAL_NOTIFY = False

    def read(self,
             instance_id,            # int
             resource_instance_id):  # int for multiple resources, None otherwise
        # TODO: print value to stdout
        # print(0.0)
        [temp,humidity] = grovepi.dht(sensor,blue)  
        print("%.02f"%(temp))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ResourceHandler_3303_5700().main()

Plug in the temperature sensor to digital port D4 of the GrovePi.
Restart the Svetovid service:

sudo systemctl restart svetovid.service --now
Refresh device state in Coiote and see if the Temperature object 3303 has appeared in the Objects tab and values are reported for for the Sensor Value 5700 resource:

Temperature object

Step 5: Implement the LwM2M push button based on the Multiple Axis Joystick object `3345`#

Now you can implement the Push Button module based on the OMA DM Multiple Axis Joystick object (3345).

Type in the terminal:
```
$ sudo svetovid-fsdmtool generate --object 3345 --output-dir /etc/svetovid/dm --generator python`
```
Tip

You can analyze the resource implementation in the /etc/svetovid/dm/3345 folder. For more details, see the Svetovid page on GitHub.
Type in the terminal: cd /etc/svetovid/dm/3345/resources ./5550 read. You should be able to see a default value reported in the command-line terminal.

In home directory, create the file ~/button_object_forwarder.py and paste the following into it:

SenseHat

  from sense_hat import SenseHat
  from time import sleep
  from fsdm import KvStore
  sense = SenseHat()

  sense.clear()

  #KvStore(namespace=3345).set('counter', 0)
  #KvStore(namespace=3345).set('state', False)

  released_before = False
  counter = 0

  while True:
    for event in sense.stick.get_events():
    if event.action == "pressed":
        if event.direction == "middle":
        sense.show_letter("M")
        KvStore(namespace=3345).set('state', True)

        if released_before:
            counter = counter + 1
            KvStore(namespace=3345).set('counter', counter)

        released_before = False

    elif event.action == "released":
        if event.direction == "middle":
        sense.show_letter("m")
        KvStore(namespace=3345).set('state', False)
        released_before = True
    else:
        sense.clear()

    # Wait and clear the screen
    sleep(0.5)
    sense.clear()

GrovePi

  from time import sleep
  import grovepi
  from fsdm import KvStore

  button = 3

  KvStore(namespace=3345).set('counter', 0)
  KvStore(namespace=3345).set('state', False)

  released_before = False
  counter = 0

  grovepi.pinMode(button, "INPUT")

  while True:
      try:
          state = grovepi.digitalRead(button)
          KvStore(namespace=3345).set('state', True)

          print("State:{}".format(state))

          if state == 1:

              if released_before:
                  counter = counter + 1
                  print("Counter:{}".format(counter))
                  KvStore(namespace=3345).set('counter', counter+1)
                  released_before = False    
              KvStore(namespace=3345).set('state', True)
          else:
              released_before = True
              KvStore(namespace=3345).set('state', False)

          sleep(.2)

      except IOError:
          print("Error")

Modify the python script in the /etc/svetovid/dm/3345/Digital_Input_Counter.py file. Open the file, replace the contents with the following script and click Save:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

from fsdm import ResourceHandler, CoapError, DataType, KvStore


class ResourceHandler_3345_5501(ResourceHandler):
    NAME = "Digital Input Counter"
    DESCRIPTION = '''\
The cumulative value of active state detected.'''
    DATATYPE = DataType.INTEGER
    EXTERNAL_NOTIFY = False

    def read(self,
             instance_id,            # int
             resource_instance_id):  # int for multiple resources, None otherwise
        value = KvStore(namespace=3345).get('counter')
        if value is None:
            # The value was not set, so it's not found.
            # raise CoapError.NOT_FOUND
            value = 0

        print(value)
  # TODO: print value to stdout
        # print(0)




if __name__ == '__main__':
    ResourceHandler_3345_5501().main()

Modify the python script in the /etc/svetovid/dm/3345/Digital_Input_State.py file. Open the file, replace the contents with the following script and click Save:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

from fsdm import ResourceHandler, CoapError, DataType, KvStore


class ResourceHandler_3345_5500(ResourceHandler):
    NAME = "Digital Input State"
    DESCRIPTION = '''\
The current state of a digital input.'''
    DATATYPE = DataType.BOOLEAN
    EXTERNAL_NOTIFY = False

    def read(self,
             instance_id,            # int
             resource_instance_id):  # int for multiple resources, None otherwise
  state = KvStore(namespace=3345).get('state')
        if state is None:
            # The value was not set, so it's not found.
            raise CoapError.NOT_FOUND
            #state = False
        print(state)

        # TODO: print value to stdout
        #print(0)




if __name__ == '__main__':
    ResourceHandler_3345_5500().main()

Modify the /etc/svetovid/dm/3345/resources/5500 file:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

from fsdm import ResourceHandler, CoapError, DataType, KvStore


class ResourceHandler_3345_5500(ResourceHandler):
    NAME = "Digital Input State"
    DESCRIPTION = '''\
The current state of a digital input.'''
    DATATYPE = DataType.BOOLEAN
    EXTERNAL_NOTIFY = False

    def read(self,
             instance_id,            # int
             resource_instance_id):  # int for multiple resources, None otherwise
  state = KvStore(namespace=3345).get('state')
        if state is None:
            # The value was not set, so it's not found.
            raise CoapError.NOT_FOUND
            #state = False
        print(state)

        # TODO: print value to stdout
        #print(0)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ResourceHandler_3345_5500().main()

Modify the /etc/svetovid/dm/3345/resources/5501 file:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

from fsdm import ResourceHandler, CoapError, DataType, KvStore

class ResourceHandler_3345_5501(ResourceHandler):
    NAME = "Digital Input Counter"
    DESCRIPTION = '''\
The cumulative value of active state detected.'''
    DATATYPE = DataType.INTEGER
    EXTERNAL_NOTIFY = False

    def read(self,
             instance_id,            # int
             resource_instance_id):  # int for multiple resources, None otherwise
        value = KvStore(namespace=3345).get('counter')
        if value is None:
            # The value was not set, so it's not found.
            # raise CoapError.NOT_FOUND
            value = 0

        print(value)
  # TODO: print value to stdout
        # print(0)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ResourceHandler_3345_5501().main()

Plug in the push button to digital port D3 of the GrovePi/Sense HAT.
Restart Svetovid: sudo systemctl restart svetovid.service --now
Refresh device state in Coiote and see if the Multiple Axis Joystick object 3345 has appeared in the Objects tab and values are reported for the Digital Input State 5500 and Digital Input Counter 5501 resources:

Last update: January 13, 2023

Implementing LwM2M objects on RaspberryPi#

Introduction#

Prerequisites#

Step 1: Prepare your Sense HAT/GrovePi#

Sense HAT#

GrovePi#

Step 2: Install Svetovid#

Step 3: Register your device in Coiote DM#

Step 4: Implement the LwM2M temperature object 3303 (only for GrovePi)#

Step 5: Implement the LwM2M push button based on the Multiple Axis Joystick object 3345#

Step 4: Implement the LwM2M temperature object `3303` (only for GrovePi)#

Step 5: Implement the LwM2M push button based on the Multiple Axis Joystick object `3345`#